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Aubrey strived
to be the perfect student when she was in high school. She got good grades
and was involved in just about every extracurricular activity her school
offered, whether she enjoyed them or not. "I wanted to get an "A'
in everything," she said. "I wanted to be the perfect well-rounded
student so others would think I was a "somebody' who would make it
in this world."
But when she got to college, everything became harder, and she found herself
losing control. She studied while her friends were out partying on the
weekends. She tossed and turned in bed the night before a test, worrying
that she hadn't studied hard enough. Too often, she'd get out of bed in
the middle of the night to cram for a few more hours. Soon she began sacrificing
her health for perfection.
"I developed an eating disorder my freshman year of college,"
said the 20-year-old sophomore at a Buffalo college who asked that her
full name not be used. "I started purging and using laxatives - anything
to make myself thinner, more perfect. I couldn't control any of the things
that I'd been able to in the past, like my grades, but I could control
my body."
When her college soccer coach found out about her eating disorder, Aubrey
was forced to come clean. At the time, she had gotten down to 105 pounds,
a dangerously low weight for her body frame. "Telling my parents
and friends was the worst," she admitted. "I cried all weekend.
I didn't want them to see myweakness."
For whatever reason - the need to impress future
employers, the pressure of keeping up with peers or simply meeting self-imposed
but unrealistically high standards - an increasing number of college students
are literally making themselves sick in the pursuit of perfection.
"America is an end-product society," said Eileen Niland, director
and counselor at Canisius College. "We try to get students to focus
on the process. College, like life, is a journey and students should ask
themselves, "Am I enjoying the ride? Am I learning?' Not "Will
I get an "A' in the course?' "
Perfectionism is often seen as a good thing in our culture, and it's
important to note that it is not inherently bad. Perfectionists work
hard and are generally high achievers. However, there is a fine line
between being a high achiever and an overachiever.
Dr. Modupe Akin-Deko,
senior psychologist at Buffalo State College's counseling center, distinguished
between two different types of perfectionists - adaptive and maladaptive.
She said that while adaptive perfectionists take pleasure in their successes,
the maladaptive perfectionists set themselves up for failure by setting
impossible standards for themselves, thus lowering their self esteem
when they never reach their goals.
In a recent study, the National Mental Health Association reported that
10 percent of college students and 13 percent of college women have been
diagnosed with depression. A University of California at Los Angeles survey
found that more than 30 percent of college freshmen report feeling overwhelmed
a great deal of the time, and that 38 percent of college women report
feeling frequently overwhelmed.
While many contributing factors are involved in depression among college
students, perfectionism, a set of self-defeating thought and behavior
patterns focused on unrealistic, unattainable goals, plays a strong part.
"The perfectionist constantly strives for the unattainable, and experiences
feelings of failure, despair and even depression as a result," said
Dr. Brooke Lewis, assistant director of Counseling Services at Niagara
University.
Phyllis Dewey, director of counseling at Hilbert College, noted that a
student needs to be evaluated to determine if perfectionism is becoming
a problem. "We would ask the student if she was able to sleep at
night, or if she was experiencing stomach aches or feeling stressed out,"
she said. "When a student's perfectionism is to the point of obsessive,
that's when it becomes a problem."
According to Niland, 23 percent of Canisius students who visited the on-campus
counseling center checked off perfectionism on their intake form as one
of the reasons for their visit in the fall 2003 semester. So many more
never seek help. "When you're a perfectionist, admitting weakness
is the ultimate failure," Aubrey said.
Aubrey and other perfectionists measure self worth through external validations
like a number on a scale or a test. Dr. Patricia Hutton, professor of
economics at Canisius College, said: "Putting a letter grade on a
perfectionist student's paper is like taking a person with an eating disorder
and making her step on the scale every day. The number on the scale couldn't
be low enough while the number on the paper couldn't be high enough."
Unfortunately, I understand all too well the price students pay for measuring
self worth through a number on a test. A perfectionist through my college
years, I'd rather skip an assignment than risk turning in a less-than-perfect
paper. I fantasized about the day I would walk across the stage at my
graduation ceremony and hear my name announced along with "summa
cum laude" -- with highest honors. My family would be in the audience
snapping pictures and beaming with pride. By my senior year, that goal
had become an obsession.
When I finally did walk across that stage in 2001, I held back tears with
everything I had in me. They weren't tears of joy, as my professors and
family might have imagined, but of a sick sorrow. The speaker announced,
"Maria L. Pascucci, summa cum laude." I did it - I graduated
with the highest honors possible, but at much too high a psychological
cost.
I had dreamt of being a writer ever since I was old enough to pick up
a pencil and scribble my name, but after I graduated from college, I didn't
write a thing for months. I told my college career counselor that I would
never write again, and I believed that I wouldn't. I was burnt out and
depressed, battling with anxiety-induced stomach problems and certain
that writing had almost destroyed me. Three years later, I understand
that it was perfectionism that almost destroyed me and that my love of
writing helped me to rebuild my life.
When I was a little girl, I'd always tell people, "Someday, when
I grow up, I'll be a writer." When the cap and gown came off, I realized
that society considered me a grown-up whether I felt like one or not,
and that it was the time to make or break my dreams. And I didn't think
I could measure up to what that little girl envisioned while sitting on
a porch stoop with her favorite red notebook in hand. It's so much easier
to dream of the end product than to actually see it through.
Hutton said she often sees perfectionism in her students, especially the
girls. "I see many bright, intelligent young
women who turn in excellent exams, but they won't speak up in class because
they're afraid that what they say won't be good enough. Sometimes though,
good enough is good enough."
Niland argued that success is personal and that there is no single definition
for it. For Aubrey, however, "Success is being good at whatever you
do - getting good grades, being thin, impressing others, being perfect."
When asked if happiness plays a part in success, she answered that unfortunately,
for her, happiness takes a back seat.
"In our culture, there is a focus on being the best, rather than
the best you can be, which allows for an acceptance of personal limitations,"
said Dr. Sharon Mitchell, director and counselor at the University at
Buffalo. "We cling to the notion that if we try hard enough, we can
achieve anything. If a perfectionist fails to get an A, she may think
she didn't try hard enough to be successful."
A guest speaker recently visited one of Aubrey's classes and told students
that employers look for job candidates with the total package. "He
said employers look for recent graduates who had good grades in college,
were involved and basically good at everything," she said. In high
school, she was encouraged to get excellent grades, SAT scores and to
be involved in everything to get into a good college. It would seem that
every achievement becomes nothing more than a stepping stone to reach
the next level of success.
"We're at an age when we're trying to find
ourselves, and some harmful messages are being sent our way," said
Aubrey. "I'm starting to learn that society needs to stand back in
the moment, instead of always moving forward."
Aubrey's battle with perfectionism will be life-long, but with hardship
comes wisdom. "I got a 75 on a quiz last week, and I didn't freak
out," she said. "I told myself that there will be other quizzes
and that I can do better next time. I just try to take things day by day
and not focus so much on the future." She's also been attending church
with her family and trying to seek strength from within. "I'm trying
to work on being happy with who I am," she said.
When I graduated from college and began looking for a job in my field,
it didn't take long for me to realize that the "summa
cum laude"
notation etched on the top of my resume didn't impress employers, especially
when they noticed my lack of experience. I was furious. I had worked myself
to the breaking point, and I believed that, once again, it hadn't been
good enough. Mitchell said that a perfectionist might have to hit a wall
in order to make a personal choice to cut herself some slack. I had finally
hit mine.
It took me two years after graduation to congratulate myself for my accomplishments.
I finally began to understand what perfectionism had done to my life.
I remember a favorite professor's words: "Maria, you've got to calm
down," she said. "You're going to burn out before your career
even begins."
She was right. I lived in the past for those two years, pointing fingers
at anything that had ever let me down. Then I got sick of being angry
and chose to move on. Perfectionism will always be a part of me, but never
again will I allow it to usurp my life.
I wish I could go back and reach that college student, but I can't. I
can reach others, though. Perfectionists may deny themselves the greatest
adventures involved in being human for fear of never being good enough.
That is the true tragedy. Oliver Wendell Holmes once said, "Most
of us go to our graves with the music still inside us."
"I tell my students that I choose to sing all the way to my grave,"
says Hutton.
© 2007 Maria L. Pascucci / originally published in The Buffalo
News
About the author:
Maria Pascucci is the President of Campus Calm - the award-winning online-forum for today's stressed-out students, and their parents and educators. Download your Student Life Stress-Less Kit with 4 FREE gifts at www.campuscalm.com.
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